TO DO

1. Improve drawing skills
2. Develop a better understanding of the adobe creative suite
3. Explore new mediums
4. Deepen my knowledge of type
5. Develop my understanding of colour theory
6. Screen print more 
7. Schedule my work more
8. Learn everything about layout
9. Start briefs when they are set
10. Learn more about more contemporary and old designers

Flying

Flight is the process by which an object moves through space. This space can be atmospheric (such as air) or vacuum (in the case of spaceflight). The movement is usually caused by generating thrust of some sort, however the manner of elevation depends on what object is being flown. Below are some of the main types of flight:

Buoyant:

Buoyant flight takes place when the object flying is lighter than (or as light as) air itself. Through careful balancing, aerostat systems allow themselves the same overall density as air, which means that by slightly tweaking certain properties, the craft can move about at will. The main components of buoyant air systems are an envelope containing lifting gas, and a carriage for passengers. Aerostats are so named due to their use of aerostatic lift, which uses a buoyant force that does not require lateral movement through surrounding air masses.

Aerodynamic:

Aerodynamic flight is movement through the air which depends on the air being channeled around the object in a certain way. Through design (or evolution), an object will be tweaked to remain in the air for longer.

Aerodynamic flight can be seen in two categories, either as powered or non-powered. Powered flight uses a source of propulsion combined with aerodynamic design, which allows the object to be controlled at will. Non-powered flight relies solely on aerodynamic design and wind currents. Due to the lack of full control associated with non-powered flight, most forms of aerodynamic flight are powered. Some of the forces at play within powered aerodynamic flight can be seen below, these forces are adjusted to achieve steady flight. 

Within the world of flight there are naturally other objects which fly naturally as opposed to mechanically. Birds, insects, and bats are the only species which can fly by creating their own form of thrust, however there are other species which have evolved to glide and soar through the development of a more aerodynamic form. Animals such as flying squirrels have generated the ability to achieve non-powered flight.

   

Palestine

Palestine (or the Occupied Territories of Palestine as it is also known) is a country in the Middle-East. The history of this country has been turbulent for centuries, however it has undergone the most change and turmoil over a large part of the past 100 years, particularly since the end of the second world war, when the Zionist movement really gained force. Before this point Palestine was under the control of the United Kingdom due to a League of Nations mandate received in 1922 (although it only legally came into effect in 1923). This mandate meant that the United Kingdom was to administer Palestine (and parts of Jordan) after the First World War. 

The decisions were made by the Allied Supreme Council, and at its early stages there was representation by Zionist influences, with some seeking provisions for a Jewish National Home. Even before the United Kingdom had received the United Nations mandate, the British foreign secretary Arthur James Balfour wrote a letter to leading member of the Jewish community Baron Rothschild declaring: 

His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.

After the Second World War, Britain became less keen to hold on to an increasingly tough area for a few reasons: 

• Attacks by Irgun and Lehi harmed British morale and military installations, while also sparking public desire for involvement to end. 
• The cost of maintaining involvement of roughly 100,000 soldiers was too great for the UK, which was struggling to deal with post-war depression. This further added to public resentment for involvement. 
• US Congress was delaying a loan necessary to prevent British bankruptcy. The delays were in response to the British refusal to fulfill a promise given to Truman that 100,000 Holocaust survivors would be allowed to migrate to Palestine. 

Due to these reasons and others, in 1947 Great Britain announced their desire to relinquish control of the Palestine Mandate, allowing responsibility over Palestine to pass to the United Nations. The United Nations tried to create a partition plan, assigning land to Arabs and Jews, however this was met with resistance from Arab leaders due to the large parts of land assigned to Jews which had previously been Palestinian, civil war began to erupt. In 1948, the State of Israel was formed, and civil war fully took hold.

After the terrible antisemitism of the Second World War, the 

Due to the polarised opinion on these issues, there are very differing schools of thought on the matter of who is in the right. Many bloggers and activists create websites and write books to further their movements. Examples of each side are shown below.

Pro-Israel:
http://cifwatch.com/tag/six-day-war/

Pro-Palestine:
http://www.ifamericansknew.org/about_us/4maps.html

useful:
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sarhaus/MapsAndTimelines/Fall2007/Sulaka/Palestine.html

Geometry

Geometry is a form of mathematics which deals with shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. It was not officially "discovered" by one culture, and rose throughout a variety of societies (Mesopotamia/Egypt) as a means of dealing with lengths areas and volumes for architecture, works of art, and astronomy among other things.

Despite the varied nature of its origins, the Greeks pioneered much of Pre-Christ mathematical geometry. Pythagoras and Thales were some of the leading geometers of that time, with the Pythagoras school formulating the Pythagoras Theorem, which still bears much relevance in today's world. Around 300BC, after the work of Thales and others, Euclid revolutionized mathematical geometry at the time, writing a book called Elements. The script remained a key source of geometric knowledge for many years, and some of its principles are still taught today.

With the writing of this book, Euclid brought further mathematical insight into the geometric process. By use of the axiomatic method, ideas and calculations became more precise and rigorous. The introduction of a definition, axiom, theorem, and proof caused the format which we see today in modern mathematics. Through the introduction of a small number of accepted truths (axioms),a theorem can be introduced which in turn can be proved by other calculations and axioms.

During the Middle Ages, the mathematics of countries in the Middle East contributed greatly to the development of geometry as we know it. This is particularly true of algebra's role in geometry, and the development of analytic geometry. Analytic geometry was fully created in the 17th century by Rene Descartes and Pierre de Fermat. An example of analytic geometry is shown below. 

Analytic geometry functions through the use of equations and algebraic representation to represent certain points within a space. This form of representation functions on a co-ordinate system. Many elements of geometry can be seen to function in this way, as by using co-ordinates, distances and relativity can be made precise. Cartesian co-ordinates can be seen to have done this, as every point can be specified within a certain plane by a set of numbers.

Originally these numbers would have come in pairs, to function on 2 dimensional (2 plane) basis, however we have come to see how this Cartesian system can function on 3 planes. This knowledge allows for a far greater understanding of the world around us, and has lead to many discoveries in architecture and science, among other things.








Different types of contemporary geometry:

Euclidean geometry -

Differential geometry -

Topology and geometry -

Algebraic geometry -

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Geometry.html